Protection of critical infrastructure: methods of counteracting targeted attacks on electronic communication systems of the security and defense forces of Ukraine

Abstract

The article examines the problem of ensuring the protection of electronic communication systems of the Security and Defense Forces of Ukraine under the conditions of modern hybrid warfare, which is accompanied by the growing impact of cyber and radio-electronic threats. It is demonstrated that traditional information security approaches focused exclusively on cryptographic methods or radio engineering solutions are insufficient given the complex multi-vector influence of the adversary. Particular attention is paid to a comprehensive approach to countering targeted attacks, which encompasses cybersecurity measures, physical protection of communication equipment, and improvement of electronic communication protocols. A multi-layer cyber protection model is proposed, combining cryptographic mechanisms (AES-256, RSA, NTRU), adaptive frequency-hopping techniques, the use of SIEM systems, and the reservation of HF/VHF/UHF and satellite communication channels. The results show that the proposed solutions significantly reduce the risk of successful targeted attacks, improve the continuity and reliability of communication processes, and ensure an adequate level of information security. The article outlines directions for future research related to the integration of quantum-resistant encryption algorithms, the development of artificial-intelligence-based threat detection technologies, the creation of unified standards and methodological recommendations for building comprehensive cybersecurity systems for military communications, and the improvement of physical protection measures for electronic communication infrastructure, including Starlink satellite equipment. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the integrated cybersecurity approach and its scalability for real combat conditions.