Integration of 5G-networks into military communication systems: prospects and challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33405/2786-8613/2025/2/6/350898Keywords:
5G, military communications, tactical networks, cybersecurity, autonomous combat platforms, C4ISR systems, Internet of Military Things (IoMT), corporate 5G networks, artificial intelligenceAbstract
Modern operations of the defence forces of Ukraine require high-speed, secure and flexible military communication systems capable of supporting massive connectivity of sensors, unmanned and autonomous platforms, decision-support systems and logistics services in real time. Traditional tactical-level networks based on legacy technologies do not provide the required throughput, latency and resilience to cyber threats under conditions of intensive use of electronic warfare means and enemy cyber operations. Fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) is considered by the leading armies of the world as a key element in the transformation of C4ISR systems, tactical networks and the Internet of Military Things (IoMT) infrastructure.
The article examines the technical capabilities of 5G that are critical for military use, in particular high throughput, ultra-low latency, increased reliability, support for massive device connectivity and network slicing mechanisms. The potential of 5G for building distributed sensor networks, supporting “swarms” of unmanned and autonomous combat platforms, integrating artificial intelligence systems into the command-and-control and weapon-control loops, as well as automating logistics processes is shown. The international experience of NATO, the USA, EU member states and China in deploying private defence 5G networks and integrating them with existing communication systems is summarised. It is substantiated that the extensive use of virtualised components, open interfaces and multi-vendor solutions in 5G leads to a significant increase in the attack surface and forms a new spectrum of cyber threats, problems of compatibility with legacy communication systems and risks of technological dependence on foreign suppliers. The main approaches to the phased integration of 5G into the military communication systems of the defence forces of Ukraine are formulated, including the requirements for the architecture of private networks, the organisation of cyber defence and the management of supply-chain risks.
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