State security

Approaches to defining the concept of "international security system"

2025-08-02T11:52:09+03:00

The article, based on the analysis of known approaches to defining the concepts of global, regional, international security, and national security system, defines the concepts of international security and presents an approach using methods of analogy and a systemic approach to defining the concept of the international security system. The international security system is defined as a set of interconnected and interacting elements: a multitude of common and collective needs, interests, and values of humanity, society, and individual states; global and regional challenges, risks, threats, and dangers, internal and external, objective and subjective, natural, technogenic, and anthropogenic factors that affect the state of international security, the conditions of their genesis, evolution, and balance; systems for ensuring international security within the framework of individual countries, alliances of countries, international organizations, and movements united by goals and objectives to promote the inviolability of global and regional needs of humanity, national interests, and values of individual countries, which interact with each other and carry out relevant activities within the framework of international law, taking into account the legislation of individual countries. The interaction of the elements of the system is carried out by the processes of forming requirements for the system of ensuring international security and its structure; the impact of threats on the interests and the system of ensuring international security; the protection of interests from threats and their detection, prevention, localization, neutralization and elimination. The international security system operates on the basis of the norms of international law, bilateral, multilateral and collective international treaties, taking into account the national interests and legislation of individual countries.

Basic principles of security for critical infrastructure facilities in Ukraine under martial law

2025-08-02T12:31:05+03:00

In the provisions of the scientific article, the authors examine the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union, Great Britain, the views of scientists in Ukraine and foreign countries regarding the understanding of the essence of the principles and ways of their implementation to secure critical infrastructure facilities. The authors of the scientific article determine: the expediency of assessing threats to critical infrastructure at the national level, taking into account the interrelationships between individual objects and infrastructure sectors, the impact of external factors of a natural, socio-political and technogenic nature, as well as the assessment of risks at the level of individual objects, regions and the state as a whole; the importance of developing and implementing a national programme for the protection of critical infrastructure; the further need to ensure the functioning of a network of emergency centres, the formation and maintenance of the database of critical infrastructure; the provision of ongoing support and coordination of the work of expert and advisory councils at various levels in the development and implementation of regulatory, organisational and technological measures for the protection of critical infrastructure; the expediency of developing emergency response plans and forming a comprehensive research programme in the field of critical infrastructure protection with a view to organising and further implementing cooperation with European Union structures and state bodies of EU member states.

The authors of the article conclude that compliance with the fundamental principles of critical infrastructure security in Ukraine during martial law will ensure readiness for action in emergency situations, prevent future threats, and enable effective response to emergencies related to the functioning of critical infrastructure, which will create conditions for the restoration of its facilities, as well as the minimisation and elimination of the consequences of emergencies at these facilities or at facilities that interact with its functioning.

Use of OSINT in operational and investigative activities: tools and legal aspects

2025-08-02T12:48:31+03:00

The article examines the possibilities of applying OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) in operational and investigative activities and its significance for acquiring, processing, and analyzing information to ensure public and national security. The main methods of collecting open-source data are considered, including using social networks, government registries, mass media, satellite imagery, and specialized OSINT tools. The feasibility of integrating OSINT with other intelligence-gathering disciplines, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and IMINT, is assessed, as this enhances the reliability of obtained data and expands analytical capabilities.

Particular attention is paid to the legal aspects of OSINT use in law enforcement, including the legality of acquiring, storing, and utilizing open-source information during operational and investigative activities. The key challenges related to data accuracy, legal status, and potential risks are analyzed, such as information manipulation and legal restrictions on collecting personal data. The necessity of developing a regulatory framework that would govern the use of OSINT within operational and investigative activities while maintaining a balance between its effectiveness and human rights compliance is emphasized.

The article also highlights the importance of implementing technological innovations, particularly data collection and analysis automation through artificial intelligence and blockchain analytics. It concludes that the effective use of OSINT in law enforcement is only possible through a balanced integration of modern technologies, legal regulation, and international cooperation.

Substitution of the theoretical provisions of using the Wargame UA program in the process of professional training

2025-08-02T13:07:20+03:00

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the interactive software product Wargame UA in the professional training of military personnel, to determine its potential for modeling modern combat scenarios, and to analyze its integration capabilities with training modules. The research aims to assess the program's impact on educational processes, identify its advantages and limitations.

The study's objectives include examining the functionality of the Wargame UA program for modeling combat situations and evaluating its practical impact on training modules, particularly general tactics, firearms training, military topography, engineering training, and tactical medicine. Special attention is paid to analyzing team collaboration and communication among units in interactive model.

The research employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing an analytical method to evaluate the program's functional capabilities and compare it with similar software products. The empirical method was used to identify the program's practical impact on the development of tactical thinking and communication skills among students. The observation method was applied to analyze interactions among participants and the effectiveness of task execu.

The research results confirmed that the Wargame UA program is an effective tool for practicing combat scenarios and contributes to the development of key competencies among command personnel. Due to its ability to simulate realistic scenarios, students gain practical experience that is challenging to obtain within traditional training formats. The program ensures the integration of various training disciplines, allowing students to simultaneously apply knowledge from tactics, topography, and engineering training. The program also significantly impacts the development of critical thinking and the ability to make operational decisions under changing circumstances.

However, the study identified certain limitations. In particular, the insufficient realism of simulations in terms of psychological impact and unpredictable combat factors, as well as the need for highly qualified instructors, may limit the program's effectiveness. The article proposes recommendations for improving the program's functionality through the development of mobile versions, integration with other platforms, and the creation of new scenarios that consider modern threats.

Thus, the study highlights the significance of interactive programs for professional military training and justifies the prospects for their further development to enhance the efficiency of the educational process and adapt to modern combat challenges.

Principles of functioning of the system of ensuring military security of the state

2025-08-02T13:26:48+03:00

One of the key outcomes of the NATO summit held on May 24‒25, 2025 in The Hague, the Netherlands, was the approval of a new long-term defense plan. The leaders of 32 NATO member states agreed to increase defense spending to 5 % of GDP by 2035, while supporting Ukraine in its fight against russia to achieve lasting peace in the future.

This confirms that most of the Alliance leaders clearly understand that stability and security throughout the European region are closely linked to the state of military security in Ukraine.

Even a brief retrospective analysis from February 2022 to the present highlights that Ukraine has become a barrier between the European community and Russian westward expansion. The higher Ukraine's level of military security and its ability to defend itself against the eastern aggressor, the lower the risk of military actions against, at the very least, neighboring EU countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, and Moldova). It is precisely the heroic Ukrainian resistance that exhausts the resources of the aggressor, reducing its offensive potential.

This specific feature of the geopolitical environment in the European region, along with the experience gained by Ukraine's security and defense forces in organizing and implementing resistance to armed aggression, indicates the need to revise the principles of functioning of the state military security system. This system encompasses all areas ‒ political, military, economic, informational, and diplomatic ‒ and coordinates their interaction with the aim of achieving the main goal: the protection of the state's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and inviolability.

A reasoned disclosure of these principles will make it possible to subsequently amend the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine," which currently does not contain them. The proposed improvement to this law will significantly impact the effectiveness of the military security system and the overall level of military security of the state.

Problematic issues in the activities of security forces management bodies in planning search operations in settlements on the deoccupied areas of Ukraine: solutions

2025-08-02T18:20:01+03:00

The article investigates and highlights the problematic situation in the activities of the headquarters of the military administration of the security forces, which arises in the course of planning and during search operations in populated points. It was emphasized that during the de-occupation of the territories of Ukraine and in the post-war period, one of the tasks of the security forces will be the task of searching for armed criminals in populated areas. An analysis of the existing methods of conducting the search, possible battle orders, which are used at the same time, was carried out. It was established that the use of existing methods of search and their inherent battle orders becomes impossible in the conditions of settlements due to their network structure and a certain density of buildings.

It is proposed to carry out search operations in the settlement by search groups, the totality of which will represent a certain multi-agent system. The movement routes of each agent are pre-optimized and collectively allow to achieve the goal of the operation of such a system ‒ to find armed criminals. Based on tactical considerations, certain requirements for routing search groups and corresponding principles are formulated.

The securitization of language in the USA national security policy

2025-08-02T22:21:52+03:00

This paper explores the phenomenon of language securitization within the context of USA national security policy. Language, traditionally viewed as a medium of communication and a cornerstone of cultural expression, has increasingly acquired a security dimension in national and international discourse. The paper examines the evolving relationship between language policy and state security through the lens of securitization theory. In particular, it investigates how language becomes framed as a threat to national sovereignty, cultural identity, and societal cohesion, thus prompting extraordinary state interventions. It highlights the ways in which language policy becomes an element of national security discourse when it is perceived as a potential threat to sovereignty, cultural identity, and social stability. Particular attention is given to the historical development of U.S. language policy, beginning with the adoption of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, which institutionalized language education as a tool for safeguarding state security

The article analyzes the stages of language securitization, with a focus on its intensification following the events of September 11, 2001. It demonstrates how language became a key component in military response strategies, notably through the establishment of the Defense Language Transformation Roadmap in 2006.

Two primary approaches to language securitization are identified: the first emphasizes the use of language to foster intercultural understanding, while the second frames language education as a military instrument to ensure strategic advantage. The importance of a critical approach to language policy in the context of national security is underscored, as such policy can either contribute to social cohesion or provoke additional conflicts. The study further examines how language policy affects the rights of linguistic minorities and considers the role of the state in their protection.

Several core dimensions of language’s role in security are addressed. First, language functions as a form of soft power, enabling the manipulation of both individual attitudes and collective behavior. It serves as a conduit through which ideologies are transmitted, identities are shaped, and social norms are reinforced. This makes language a critical tool in shaping public opinion and mobilizing populations—key objectives in both domestic governance and international influence.

Second, language has emerged as a strategic element in hybrid warfare, where confrontations span physical, informational, social, and cognitive domains. In such conflicts, language can be weaponized to deepen divisions, spread disinformation, and erode trust in state institutions. The case of post-Soviet states offers a compelling example, where language becomes both a marker of allegiance and a site of contestation between national and foreign influences.

Third, language plays a pivotal role in the construction of identity. It is deeply tied to cultural memory, historical continuity, and social belonging. In multiethnic or multilingual societies, debates over official language status, minority language rights, and education policies often reflect deeper anxieties about national unity and cultural survival. When one language is elevated to the status of a national symbol, others may be perceived as undermining national cohesion or serving as proxies for foreign interference.

This paper argues that the securitization of language is not an inevitable outcome of linguistic diversity, but a deliberate political strategy. By casting language-related issues as security threats, states can justify restrictive language laws, reshape educational curricula, and limit the use of minority or foreign languages in public spheres. These measures are often framed as necessary to defend the nation, protect sovereignty, or preserve cultural heritage. However, they also risk exacerbating internal divisions, marginalizing communities, and undermining democratic values such as pluralism and freedom of expression.

The article concludes that the securitization of language is a complex process that requires a careful balance between security imperatives and the protection of human rights.

By applying securitization theory to the domain of language, the paper opens new pathways for analyzing contemporary challenges in multicultural and multilingual societies. It also invites reflection on the ethical implications of using security rhetoric in cultural and educational domains, urging policymakers to consider the long-term societal costs of framing language through the lens of threat and defense.

Conceptual principles of development of a personnel training system for special purpose state bodies and military formations with law enforcement functions

2025-08-03T00:41:12+03:00

Theoretical and methodological foundations of professional training for military personnel and law enforcement officers in the context of ensuring national security and defense have been substantiated. The main trends in the transformation of the education system and its adaptation to modern challenges, particularly in connection with war and the hybrid threats it provokes, have been analyzed. The key factors influencing the effectiveness of the training process have been identified, including the level of initial preparation, the integration of practical components into educational programs, and the application of modern technologies and teaching methods.

The specific features of contemporary approaches to developing professional skills necessary for performing tactical, operational, and strategic tasks under various conditions ‒ including extreme situations, combat operations, crisis scenarios, and law enforcement activities ‒ have been explored. The significance of psychological training for military personnel and law enforcement officers has been examined, highlighting its impact on decision-making under stress, resilience to psychological pressure, and maintaining high combat readiness levels.

The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of professional education have been determined, including the level of theoretical knowledge acquisition, the ability to respond quickly to operational situations, proficiency in modern technologies, leadership development, strategic thinking, and adaptability to multi-vector threats. The necessity of improving educational programs has been substantiated, emphasizing the implementation of modular training, an increase in practical exercises, the active use of advanced technologies, and enhanced interagency cooperation in training security and defense sector personnel.

Recommendations for improving approaches to the professional training of military personnel and law enforcement officers have been developed, which include the implementation of innovative teaching methods, the expansion of specialized training programs, the integration of modern digital technologies, and the establishment of a unified national security personnel training system. The need for refining professional standards in the training system for special-purpose state agencies and military formations with law enforcement functions has been proven, considering contemporary challenges and threats facing the security and defense sector. The effectiveness of various educational strategies aimed at enhancing professional competence, developing tactical thinking, analyzing combat situations, and making informed decisions in highly uncertain conditions has been assessed.

It has been demonstrated that a comprehensive approach to the formation of professional competencies among military personnel and law enforcement officers will contribute to strengthening national security, enhancing the country's defense capabilities, and improving the efficiency of service performance. Further research in the field of professional military and law enforcement education, expansion of international cooperation, and the implementation of innovative technologies are recommended to support the development of a modern training system for security and defense sector personnel.

On the issue of assessing the vulnerability of critical infrastructure objects in wartime conditions

2025-08-03T01:07:43+03:00

In modern conditions, especially during wartime, the issue of protecting critical infrastructure is of paramount importance. Assessing the vulnerability of such facilities allows identifying weaknesses in the security system, preventing potential attacks and ensuring effective planning of response measures within the framework of ensuring state security.

Despite the relevance of this issue, Ukraine currently needs to improve a comprehensive methodology for assessing the vulnerability of critical infrastructure facilities adapted to martial law conditions. Existing approaches are fragmented and, in some cases, outdated, having been developed in the context of peacetime. In addition, the practical implementation of infrastructure protection measures is often not systematic, which can affect the overall level of national security.

Thus, there is an urgent need for a scientifically based approach to assessing the vulnerability of CI that would take into account the specifics of modern military threats, include interdisciplinary methods of analysis and provide a basis for decision-making in the field of state security. Thus, the assessment of the vulnerability of critical infrastructure is of particular relevance in the current context.

The assessment of the vulnerability of critical infrastructure facilities involves an analysis of their security and physical safety, which includes physical protection measures, access control, surveillance and alarm systems, as well as effective interaction between the facility's security forces and the entities of the National System of Critical Infrastructure Protection of Ukraine, including the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the State Emergency Service, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, local authorities, and other relevant entities.

The article discusses the issue of assessing the level of vulnerability of critical infrastructure facilities and proposes a systematic and multidimensional approach to threat analysis. The possible consequences of damage to critical infrastructure for the population, including the risks of social and political destabilization, are proved. Methods for assessing the vulnerability of critical infrastructure facilities and examples of their vulnerability in wartime are presented. The results of international practice are presented and an analysis of potential threats to critical infrastructure is conducted.

Improvement of the activity of task forces of the management headquarters of the state borderguard service of Ukraine in the system of the defense forces of Ukraine

2025-08-03T01:24:56+03:00

Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, the author defines the conceptual framework for the engagement of the State Borderguard Service of Ukraine in the system of Defense Forces during the liquidation (neutralization) of an armed conflict on the state border of Ukraine, an international armed conflict, and repelling armed aggression against Ukraine. The peculiarity of the use of the units of the State Borderguard Service of Ukraine in the interests of the Defense Forces is their transfer to operational subordination (operational control) to the military command and control headquarters of the Armed Forces, which in turn requires ensuring interoperability in the activities of multidepartmental task forces at joint control centers, proper cooperation and coordination of the actions of the units of the State Borderguard Service of Ukraine involved in the Defense Forces, and the development of an improved methodology for its activity.

Given the experience of using units and subdivisions of the State Borderguard Service of Ukraine in combat operations, a number of inconsistencies have been identified which significantly reduce the potential of the State Borderguard Service of Ukraine in war conditions and the effectiveness of performing tasks as part of the defense forces. The main discrepancies, according to the authors, are the tasks set by military command and control headquarters for the SBGS forces and facilities under the operational control of the respective military groupings related to tasks that are not inherent in the SBGS and do not correspond to its capabilities. One of the options for a partial solution to the problem is to assign an SBGS task force to a separate command center of a strategic (operational-strategic) group of troops with the proposed composition and division of responsibilities. The article also presents an improved algorithm for the operation of the task force of the State Borderguard Service of Ukraine when performing tasks as part of the Defense Forces.

Indicators and criteria for evaluating the capabilities of the forces of the National Guard of Ukraine engaged to perform tasks during the destruction of hydrotechnical structures

2025-08-03T01:44:54+03:00

The article identifies the main indicators and criteria that allow to assess the effectiveness of the tasks of the National Guard of Ukraine in the event of an emergency caused by the destruction of a hydraulic structure. The ranking of certain indicators is carried out. The method of expert evaluation determines the weights of the main indicators that affect the performance of tasks in these conditions.

The National Guard of Ukraine performs service-combat (combat) tasks as a part of military detachments, divisions, units, formations and groups of troops (forces).The most complex, multifunctional, resource-intensive and time-consuming are the tasks performed by groups of troops (forces) of the National Guard of Ukraine in emergencies of man-made or natural nature that entail significant losses among the civilian population. The occurrence of an emergency situation as a result of an accident at hydraulic structures causes high requirements for the effectiveness of the National Guard of Ukraine. Today the guiding documents do not define indicators and criteria for the effectiveness of the National Guard of Ukraine in the event of an emergency caused by the destruction of a hydraulic structure and do not form a system of such indicators and criteria for individual tasks, functions and modes of operation in such cases.

The problem situation is due to the time to make an informed decision at a fairly high speed of information and significant amounts of information in terms of time constraints.

During the study, a set of indicators was formed, but their total number increased the time for calculations, which reduced the efficiency of decision-making to perform tasks in these conditions. The method of expert evaluation was used to rank and reduce the number of indicators, which in turn allows to increase the validity of decisions, reducing the time for decision-making on tasks without losing the quality of decision-making.

The main indicators and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the National Guard of Ukraine in the event of an emergency caused by the destruction of a hydraulic structure allows you to choose the most acceptable reasonable solution. In the future, the selected indicators will be used in the methodology of substantiation of the forces of the National Guard of Ukraine during the performance of tasks as a result of an accident at hydraulic structures.

Organisation of actions of the National Guard of Ukraine during quarantine measures in the emergency zone

2025-08-03T10:40:36+03:00

The study allowed us to comprehensively examine the problem of engaging the forces and means of the National Guard of Ukraine to ensure quarantine measures in a state of emergency. To achieve this goal, a systematic review of scientific articles, textbooks and legislative acts related to the activities of the National Guard of Ukraine in such situations was carried out.

The initial step was to ascertain the legal foundation for the National Guard of Ukraine's operations in implementing quarantine measures within the emergency zone. The author diligently reviewed the Constitution of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine 'On the National Guard of Ukraine', 'On the Legal Regime of the State of Emergency', and other legal acts regulating the activities of the NGU and defining its powers in a state of emergency. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the provisions relating to the participation of the NGU in ensuring public order, combating epidemics and eliminating the consequences of emergencies.

The study examined the main functions that the NGU can perform during an epidemic.

Maintaining public order and ensuring the safety of citizens. Monitoring compliance with quarantine regulations, including restrictions on movement, visiting public places, holding mass events, etc. Emergency response, including evacuating the population, ensuring the vital functions of critical infrastructure, providing assistance to victims, etc. Interaction with other law enforcement agencies, including the National Police, the State Emergency Service and the Ministry of Health, to ensure the effective implementation of tasks to combat the epidemic is considered.

A key part of the study was the analysis of the action plan and management system of the National Guard of Ukraine in the quarantine area. The author identifies the main stages of actions performed by the headquarters of the NGU military unit in the quarantine area, such as preparation for the performance of tasks, deployment of forces and means, performance of tasks to ensure quarantine measures, and elimination of the consequences of an emergency. The management system has been clarified to ensure uninterrupted and high-quality management of all processes related to service in the emergency zone. Particular attention was paid to the organisation of communication, coordination with other structures, personnel provision, etc. An analysis of the communication system with its main components was carried out to ensure uninterrupted and rapid transmission of the necessary information.

We also considered the use of modern information and communication technologies to ensure effective management of the NGU's forces and means in a state of emergency. The analysis allowed us to identify the main areas of research and formulate hypotheses for further empirical research. Further empirical study of these hypotheses will provide a deeper understanding of the problem of involving the NGU in quarantine measures in a state of emergency and develop practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of its activities in such situations.

Integration of Security Operations Centers (SOC) into Ukraine's national security system

2025-08-03T11:05:37+03:00

The article explores the integration of Security Operations Centers (SOC) into Ukraine’s national security system, emphasizing their role in strengthening cybersecurity resilience and protecting critical infrastructure. Given the increasing number of cyberattacks targeting Ukraine, SOCs serve as key components in detecting, monitoring, and responding to threats in cyberspace. The study analyzes the global experience of SOC implementation, particularly in the USA, EU, and NATO, where automated threat analysis systems, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics are widely employed to enhance cybersecurity operations [3, 6]. A significant part of the study is devoted to the challenges Ukraine faces in implementing SOCs, including insufficient funding, a shortage of qualified cybersecurity specialists, outdated legislation, and the need for integration with existing cybersecurity mechanisms [2, 4]. The article identifies key directions for SOC development in Ukraine, including the adoption of AI-driven cybersecurity technologies, expansion of international cooperation, and improvements in specialist training programs [5, 8]. The research also highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to SOC integration, focusing on centralized coordination between state institutions, private sector actors, and international cybersecurity organizations such as ENISA and CERT-UA. The authors emphasize the importance of implementing automated threat detection and response systems, developing machine learning models for cyber threat intelligence, and enhancing international collaboration in cybersecurity policymaking [3, 6].

Theoretical foundations of the formation and development of civil and military cooperation

2025-08-03T11:33:52+03:00

The article describes the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of civil and military cooperation. It was found that to date, a comprehensive study on the development of theoretical foundations of the development of civil and military cooperation in the National Guard of Ukraine has not been conducted, which served as one of the arguments in choosing the topic of scientific research, formulating the purpose of the study and setting the relevant tasks.

The factors that determine the relevance of the study of civil and military cooperation, in particular in the National Guard of Ukraine, are identified, namely: 1) insufficient theoretical and methodological development of the scientific task of defining the concept and content of civil and military cooperation in military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine; 2) the need for scientific substantiation and research of new forms of civil and military cooperation in military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine under modern conditions of development of the security and defense sector of Ukraine; 3) incomplete development of the regulatory framework for civil and military cooperation in the security and defense sector of Ukraine in general and in military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine in particular; 4) lack of conceptual approaches to civil and military cooperation in military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine; 5) lack of scientifically based and practically oriented mechanisms (algorithms, recommendations, etc.) for civil and military cooperation in military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine; 6) the need to take into account NATO standards and positive foreign experience when building a modern system of civil and military cooperation in the security and defense sector of Ukraine in general and in military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine in particular; 7) the existence of contradictions between the available forces and means of civil and military cooperation of military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine and the scope of tasks assigned to this system.

Autonomous weapons systems: advantages and risks of their application in modern wars and military conflicts

2025-08-03T11:54:33+03:00

The article examines the process of introducing and using the latest weapons systems equipped with artificial intelligence algorithms in the military sphere and the advantages and risks that may arise during their use in modern wars and military conflicts.

The development of modern technologies is relentlessly moving forward, and the war that is taking place in Ukraine has significantly accelerated this process and humanity has stood on the threshold of an era of multi-purpose use of weapons equipped with artificial intelligence algorithms, which have one of the names - autonomous weapons systems.

The use of autonomous weapons systems in modern wars and military conflicts demonstrates the efforts of the opposing sides to effectively influence the tactical and strategic aspects of waging wars (combat operations). Of course, the use of autonomous weapons systems changes approaches to collecting intelligence information, assessing the operational situation, planning and performing service and combat (combat) tasks. A sufficient number of these systems will significantly reduce the risks to the lives of military personnel and civilians, preserve military and special equipment, and increase the effectiveness of military operations (combat operations).

International military experts agree that, although at the current stage, autonomous weapons systems will not completely replace armed military personnel, they can significantly influence the dynamics, methods, and techniques of waging wars (combat operations).

In addition, military experts note that the rapid development of digital technologies, in particular artificial intelligence technologies, and their application in modern weapons systems will have a significant impact on the future security situation and stability in the world.

Managerial motivation in the State Border Guard Service: current approaches and practices

2025-08-03T12:55:11+03:00

The article studies managerial motivation as a key element of the effective functioning of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the conditions of modern security challenges. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between managerial functions ‒ planning, organization, motivation and control of ‒ in the process of ensuring national security.

In the center of the study ‒ the motivation of staff as a factor of stability, psychological endurance and professional effectiveness. Modern approaches to motivation in the field of security are considered, in particular the combination of material and intangible incentives, the development of a system of recognition, leadership focused on service, and psychological support. The authors compare Ukrainian realities with international experience, pointing to the need to adapt best practices to the national context. Special attention is paid to the challenges of war, digitalization and transformation of the nature of threats that require the introduction of innovative management decisions.

As a result, conclusions are formulated about the importance of creating a flexible, multi-level motivation system in border structures, which takes into account the personal characteristics of personnel, provides support for the moral climate and increases the overall efficiency of the organization.

Recommendations to the border guard detachment оn strengthening resilience to the impact of terrorist threats and developing a system for their detection

2025-08-03T13:09:26+03:00

The article deals with topical issues of ensuring Ukraine's border security in the context of growing terrorist threats. The author analyzes the operational and service activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in 2023‒2024 to identify and counteract terrorist threats, including the increase in the number of seized weapons, ammunition and explosives. It is established that the armed conflict caused by the invasion of the russian federation into Ukraine and the lack of control over certain sections of the State border in the area of hostilities enables international terrorist organizations to use the territory of Ukraine for transit and accumulation of persons involved in terrorism, illegal transportation of weapons, drugs and other means of terror to the Member States of the European Union.

Based on the analysis of scientific research and the use of the SWOT method, a set of measures to strengthen the resilience of the border guard detachment to the impact of terrorist threats is proposed. The mechanism of anti-terrorist protection, including a system of monitoring, risk assessment, threat detection and response, is outlined. The author identifies the need to improve the efficiency of coordination between law enforcement agencies, the use of modern technologies and the improvement of administrative and legal regulation in the field of counter-terrorism.

The author summarizes the main aspects of the activities of the border guard detachment, within its powers, in cooperation with other bodies and units of counter-terrorism actors, for prompt and effective response to terrorist threats.

A structural scheme for building a system for detecting terrorist challenges and threats by a border guard detachment has been developed.

The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of measures envisaged by the state policy in the field of combating terrorism, strengthening anti-terrorist protection and security of the state border, improving the activities of border detachments and units of the State Border Guard Service in the context of countering modern threats at the state border of Ukraine.